Lock stitch shoe sewing machines



F. AsHwoRTH z 2,896,561

Loox STITCH SHOE SEWING MACHINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 fo a 0 W W FV @w n wd/ e Q 1 ,/Hr/v, o O G 9 @w G o o ma i@ @M l. G Q@ fa z o J Jlyfzs, 1959 F. AsHwoRTH 2,896,561

' Loox STITCH SHOE SEWING MACHINES Filed-Aprilia, 195e 5 sheets-sheet 2 9;/ J/ I Q- G l Invenfor July 28, 1959 F. AsHwoR'rH 2,896,561

Locx sTiTcH sEoE SEWING MACHINES Fild April 9, 195e 5 sheets-sheets Jly 28, 1959 F. AsHwoRTl-l 2,896,561

` Loox STITCH SHOE: SEWING MACHINES Filed April 9, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inventor July 28 1959 F. AsHwoRTH Iccx STITCH SHOE SEWING MACHINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 9. 1956 vIn verdor 2,896,561 Patented July 428, 1959 LOCK STITCH SHOE SEWING MACHINES Fred Ashworth, Wenham, Mass., assigner to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Flemington, N .J and Boston, Mass., a corporation of New Jersey Application April9, 1956, Serial No. 576,996

11 Claims. (Cl. 112-57) The present invention relates to improvements in lock stitch shoe sewing machines, the stitch-forming devices of which comprise a curved hook needle and a rotary loop taker for carrying each loop of needle thread about a locking thread case. Examples of such machines are disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,169,909, granted February 1, 1916, upon application of the present inventor; No. 2,271,611, granted February 3, 1942, upon application of the present inventor and Carl F. Whitaker, jointly; and No. 2,420,643, granted May 20, 1947, upon application of the present inventor.

The present invention has for its objects improvements in the construction and mode of operation of the lock stitch sewing machine disclosed in the prior patents, in such a way that each stitch will be formed and set in the work by the machine with greater reliability and uniformity than heretofore, and will subject the thread to less wear and abrasion tha-n was impressed on it in prior machines of the type referred to. An important feature of the present invention, accordingly, includes the provision, in a lock stitch sewing machine having, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker and to other stitchforming devices, for pulling each loop of thread from the loop taker after having been passed over a locking thread case and thereafter for setting each stitch within the work, and a resilient thread-engaging member for holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker by the take-up, of mechanism for rendering the resilient thread-engaging member inoperative to yield at certain times in each sewing cycle, particularly after each loop of needle thread has been freed from the loop taker. In so doing it is possible for the 'loop taker to carry each needle thread loop about the locking thread case under a reliable yielding tension and then to cause each stitch to be set in the Work by the take-up at a uniform position fwithin the work while the resilient member is inoperative to yield thread.

A further feature of the invention resides in the construction of an improved thread lock against which each stitch is set and past which thread is drawn in a measured amount for each stitch from a supply, the thread lock having opposed thread gripping shoes, and cylindrical bars embedded in flat surfaces of at least one of the shoes for pressing the thread against the at surface of the opposed shoe, segmental portions only 'of each bar protruding from each flat surface of the opposed shoe.

These and other features of the invention, as hereinafter described and claimed, -Will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a View in left side elevation and partly in section of a portion of la machine embodying the present in vention;

Fig. 2 is a view in front elevation on an enlarged scale of a portion of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1;

t Fig. 3 is a detail view in left side elevation, partly broken away and in section, showing a take-up actuating shaft, a resilient thread-engaging member and threadmeasuring devices in the machine;

Fig. 4 is a partialplan' view of the parts illustrated in Fig. 3;

S is a sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 3, taken along the line V-V of that ligure;

Fig. 6 is a further enlarged elevation of a thread lock employed in the machine;

Fig. 7 is a bottom plan view of the upper one of a pair of opposed thread-engaging shoes in the thread lock of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a top plan View lof Kthe lower thread lock shoe of the pair shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a detail View showing the manner of operation of the thread handling devices in the machine, while each needle loop is being engaged by a loop taker and about to be pulled therefrom by the take-up;

Fig. l0 is 'a similar detail View, illustrating the position of the take-up when the thread-engaging member is rendered inoperative;

Fig. ll is a detail view in left side elevation of the mechanism for actuating the upper or front thread lock in the machine;

Fig. l2 is a detail View on an enlarged scale showing an adjustment for a frictional thread-tensioning device; yand Fig. 13 is a detail view looking from the right side of the machine of a tension actuating connection.

The machine illustrated in the drawings is a lock stitch shoe outsole sewing machine having a work support 2, a presser foot 4, a curved hook `needle 6, a needle looper 8, a thread finger 10, a continuously rotating take-up 12, a loop taker or shuttle 14 enclosing a locking thread case 16 about which it passes each loop of needle thread, ndicated at 17, a pull-off 18, a thread measuring arm 20, cooperating with the pull-off, and upper or front and lower or rear thread locks, each comprising similar cooperating movable and fixed shoes 22 and 24. The stitch-forming devices referred to and others cooperating therewith are similar in construction and mode of operation, except as hereinafter pointed out to those disclosed in the patents above referred to. p

As in the machine of the patents the stitch-forming devices are intended to operate on thread previously coated with wax. The take-up is arranged to give up thread to the stitch-forming devices as the loop taker passes each loop of needle thread over the locking thread case, to pull each loop of needle thread from the loop taker and thread case and thereafter to set each stitch formed by interengagement of the needle and locking threads within the material of the work. In pulling the needle thread -17 into the Work, the take-up acts on a portion of the thread 17 extending between the front thread lock and the work so that as long as that thread lock grips the thread securely each stitch will be set with uniformity in the work. In pulling each loop of needle thread from the loop taker, sufficient tension is exerted to cause thread measured by the pull-olf 18 to be drawn past the front lock where it is available for use in the formation of a stitch.

I-n the design of the machine of the patents, certain precautions have been taken and provisions made to prevent any inaccuracies in timing of the parts and consequent irregularities in the formation of successive stitches. While some benefit is obtained by the means provided in these patents for overcoming irregular formation of stitches, there is an occasional tendency exhibited for such irregularities to persist, some diiculty still being encountered at the time in which each needle loop is completely released from the thread case and shuttle during each sewing cycle. If the take-up attempts to pull a needle loop off the thread case before the loop is moved to a position of complete release, excessive tension will be exerted on the needle thread 17 and previous stitches in the seam will be displaced in the work or that thread will be damaged or unduly stretched. If a needle loop is released from the thread case before the take-up starts to pull it, the stitch formed thereby may not be set securely in the -work with a uniform tension, the act of tensioning the thread, just as it is about to be released from the thread case and shuttle, assisting in proper stitch formation and tensioning of the thread against the under surface of the work engaged by the Work support.

To avoid irregular application of excessive tension as theV take-up acts to pull each needle loop from the thread case and still to enable some variation from stitch to stitch inthe timed relation between the take-up and the loop taker without aifecting adversely the position in Which each stitch is set in the Work, there is provided in the illustrated machine, a resilient needle threadengaging member in the form of a lever 26, best shown in Fig. 3, having a roll 28 against which the take-up presses the needle thread running from the front thread lock to the take-up as the take-up begins its take-up action.

The resilient thread engaging member is actuated to hold the needle thread yieldingly While each needle loop is being pulled from the thread case and loop taker and, according to the present invention, mechanism is provided for yrendering the resilient thread engaging member inoperative to yield after each needle loop has been pulled from the thread case and loop taker. To render the thread-engaging member inopenative it is positively actuated toretract thread before the take-up sets each stitch. Thus, when the take-up pulls a needle loop and its surrounded locking thread, indicated at 29 in Fig. 9, into a stitch-setting position within the work no yielding action of the thread-engaging member can occur.V In this way the use of a yielding thread control may be employed with a relatively long range of yielding movement rather than a short one, as disclosed in Patent No. 2,271,611, while at the same time the disadvantage of controlling the thread yieldingly in setting each stitch is avoided, with a consequent improvement in uniformity of thread placement in the workk after each stitch is set.

The resilient thread-engaging lever 26 is mounted for oscillation on ,a pin 3i) projecting inside a stationary hollow circular housing 32. for the take-up 12. To the lowerrnost arm of the lever 26 is connected one end of a tension spring 34, the other end of which surrounds a stud projecting inside the housing 32. The spring urges the'lever 26 against a block 35 fastened inside the housing 32 and provides the resilient action for the lever under tension of the needle thread. To protect the lever 26 inside therhousing 32 it is enclosed by a circular plate 36 secured to a at wall of the housing by screws 37.v While each loop of needle thread is being passed over the locking thread lcase by the loop taker the tension in the needle thread may drawv the thread engaging lever away from the block 35.

The needle thread 17 extends from the looper 8 down- Wardly to a guide roll 38, beneath a roll 40 at the end of the take-up. From the take-up roll 40V the thread 17 extends upwardly to the roll 28 of the thread-engaging` lever andk then atright angleskto itself into the front thread lock. At the time a needle loop is` being pulled off the thread case the take-up rollk 40 is just beginning sive stress to the thread, the thread being secured byr the thread locks against movement from a source of` supply. Continued movement of the take-up draws the needle loop into thepwork and sets the stitch. As the take-up moves `toward stitch-setting position, the needle4 thread engaging lever 26 is rendered inoperative to yield by mechanism connected with the take-up.

The mechanism for rendering the needle thread engaging lever 26 inoperative to yield thread includes a cam 42 keyed to a continuously rotating shaft 44 on which the take-up 12 is made fast. The outer surface of the cam 42 has bearing against it an enlargement at the lower end of the thread-engaging lever 26 to actuate it to a non-yielding position. To render the lever 26 openative to yield thread the cam has a .portion 46 of its periphery cut away to clear the enlargement on the lever while the take-up begins to pull thread from the thread case and the loop taker.

To insure that the thread locks will grip the thread securely and to prevent slippage while the take-up is pulling each needle loop from the thread case and setting the stitch thus formed, the thread lock shoes 22 and 24 are formed with flat thread-engaging faces 47 (Figs. 7 and 8), each having a series of equally spaced cylindrical parallel hars 48 embedded therein with segmental portions of the bars only protruding, the bars running at right angles to the path of the thread asi it passesl across said faces. The combination of the ilat faces andy the bars produces eifective corrugations for maintaining a secure grip on the thread with a minimum of threadv compression. Also, the spacing of the bars may be accomplished inexpensively by commonly accepted manufacturing procedures with a greater degree of accuracy than is possible to form corrugations in previously constructed thread locking shoes. Also, the bars themselves may easily be iinished with smoothly ground surfaces'- which will subject the thread engaged thereby to less danger of abrasion than in prior thread lock shoe con-- struction. The two sets of shoes in each lock aire providedl with unequal numbers of bars in each so thatV alternate bars engaging the thread will press it against the at faceV of a shoe opposite to that in which the barsV are embedded, The flat facesalso are iinished smoothly to avoid damage to the thread as` far as possible. In addition to these advantages of construction the ernbedded bars enable the use of thread gripping materiall composed of diiferent characteristics of compressibility and coefticient of friction within the same thread lock.

Materials of different compressibility and frictional' characteristics in the same thread lock are of advantagev for use with threads of widely varying frictional quali-v lt has been found that when sewing with certain types of thread the use of hardened polished steel in the' ties.

bars 48 is most effective in providing a nonslipping grip on the thread while employing a relatively Elight thread gripping pressure on shoes of softer material. With other `types of thread,l bars of relatively `soft material and shoes ofharder material are most effective, -as where thread is provided with a high degree of twist to form a hard,

compact strand, it is desirable to employ bars of 'softer' metal or plastic. Where a soft, light twist or braided thread is used, soft or resilient bars appear to grip thel thread most effectively, particularly if :a relatively high'A gripping pressure is exerted upon the thread. For in-` stance, it has been found with bars composed of nylon,

soft twist thread is more securely gripped with less dammovable shoe 22 which is surrounded by the fork of theV lever arm. The fixed shoe 24 of each thread lock is conf ventionally attached to thetake-up housing 32 by lscrews 54 `and carries three bars engaging the-needle thread at:

the sides ofthe corresponding `bars in the movable'shoe 2,2. Both frontand-rearvthreadlocks have shoes of the;

same construction. The movable rear thread lock s hoe 22 is pivotally mounted by a bolt 55 on a lever 56 snmlar to that employed for -actuating the rear thread lock in the machine of Patent No. 2,271,611 except for the fork surrounding the lug on its movable thread lock shoe 22. p

The mechanisms for actuating the thread locks correspond generally with those employed in the machine of Patent No. 2,271,611. However, the mechanism for operating the lever 52 for the front thread lock is required to provide a movement in a reverse direction from that disclosed in the patent. Accordingly, the main sewing shaft, indicated at 58, as `shown in Figs. 1 and 11, is provided with a cam 60 having its groove 62 (Fig. l1) cut with a shape reverse from that employed in the machine of the patent. Fitting within the groove 62 is a roll 64 carried by the upper arm of a cam lever 66, the lower arm of which is forked to embrace a rod 68. The cam lever 66 is fulcrumed on a cross shaft 70 mounted in-the housing 32. The forward end of the rod 68 is enlarged in diameter and has passing transversely through it a pin 72 connecting the rod with one arm of the lever 52 which is fulcrumed on a cross shaft 74. The enlarged forward end of the rod 68 is threaded and supports -a pair of check nuts 76, against which is compressed a spring 78, also acting on an 'anvil block 80, sliding on the rod and engaging a pair of recesses in the lower arm of the cam lever 66. The link also supports a second anvil block 82 slidable and held in position thereon by a pair of check nuts 84, the check nuts 84 providing means for adjustment of the movements of the rod operating the lever 52 and enabling the `degree of compression of the spring 78 to be changed in accordance with the locking pressure desired to be exerted in gripping the thread.

The machine is provided with a frictional thread tensioning device acting with a yielding pressure on the thread running between 4the take-up and the work. The lfrictional tensioning device is -arranged to increase the tension on the needle thread 17 while each needle loop is being passed about the thread case and to reduce the tension on the needle thread while it is being pulled from the thread case, according to the construction disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 2,350,995, granted June 13, 1944, upon application of the present inventor. Briey, this device comprises a friction plate 86 (see Figs. 3 and 4) secured at its rearward end by a screw 88 to lthe upper part of the housing 32 and tting into a notch 90 (Fig. 4) in the housing at its forward end where it is retained with freedom for limited horizontal movement by a pin 92 passing `across the notch and through a slot in the plate.

The needle thread running from the take-up to the work passes across the left side of the friction plate 86, as viewed in Fig. l2, where it has imparted to it a frictional drag by the engagement of the upper portion of -a hinged take-up cover 94, when moved to closed v position against the housing 32. As the -take-up rotates it gives up thread to the shuttle and shifts the thread transversely of its length tow-ard the forward end of the friction plate 86, and as the take-up moves to pull each needle loop from the thread case the needle thread moves toward the rearward end of the `friction plate. 86.

At its forward end the friction plate 86 lis engaged by `a pair of plungers 96 (see Figs. l2 and 13) passing loosely through passages in Ithe upper part of the housing 32. Engaging notches in the plungers 96is the upper end of a Iswinging plate 98 pivoted .at its lower endon a pin 100 having its ends fixed in a yoke 102 secured by screws 104 (Fig. 13) to a rearward partition in the housing 32. The swinging plate 98 is engaged just below its upper end by a compression spring 106 (Fig. 12) retained under compression by an adjusting screw 108 which enters the rst few coils of the spring at one end and which is provided with a perforated enlarge- 6 ment against which the spring presses. 'o support th adjusting screw its end opposite the spring 106 enters into threaded engagement with a bracket portion `110 for the machine frame and the adjusting screw carries a check nut 112 for locking it in adjusted position. The force of the spring 106 is transmitted through the swinging plate 98 and the plunger-s 96 to the forward end of the friction plate 86 in a manner to impart tension frictionally to the thread as it moves through the work to the loop taker. As the thread starts to move from the loop taker through the work the needle loop is being freed from the thread case and loop talker, the thread sliding transversely along the friction plate 86 toward its `rearward end where little or no frictional pressure is exerted on it. By the use of the adjusting screw 108 the force of the friction spring 106 may be increased or decreased with .requirements and the type of thread employed, the enlargement ythereon being provided with Spanner holes 113 for this purpose.

As in Patent No. 2,420,643, the amount of thread drawn past the rear thread lock by the pull-olf 18 is controlled by a thread tension wheel 114 (see Figs. 1 and 2) rotating on a horizontal bolt 116 and passing loosely through a lug in the machine frame. The bolt 116 has a head at its right end for retaining the tension wheel in place and at its left end it is threaded to engage a knurled friction adjusting nut 118 acting to compress a spring 120 on the bolt against the supporting lug, the force of :the spring acting to press the tension wheel frictionally against the supporting lug. To release the thread from the tension wheel when the machine is stopped, the left end of the bolt 116 is engaged by one arm of a right angle lever 122 rotatable on Ithe frame, the other arm of the lever being actuated by an arm` of a yoke 124 controlled in a manner more fully brought out in Patent No. 2,420,643.

The nature and scope of the invention having been indicated and a particular embodiment having been described, what is claimedis:

l. A lock stitchshoe sewing machine having stitchforming devices including a hook needle, a locking thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread case, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker, for pulling each loop of needle thread from the loop taker after having been passed over the locking thread case and thereafter for setting each stitch in the work and a resilient needle thread engaging memr ber for holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker, in combination with means including mechanism for actuating the thread engaging member and for rendering it inoperative to yield after the needle thread loop has been pulled from the loop taker. Y

2. A lock stitch shoe sewing machine having stitchforming devices including a hook needle, a locking thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread case, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker, for pulling each loop of needle thread from the loop taker after having been passed over the locking thread case and thereafter for setting each stitch in the work and a resilient needle thread engaging member for holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker, in combination with means including mechanism connected to the take-up acting after the needle thread loop has been pulled froml the loop taker and before the take-up sets each stitch in the work to render the thread-engaging member inoperative to yield.

3. A lock stitch shoe sewing machine having a` hook needle, a locking thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread case, a takeup arm, a shaft to which the arm is secured for actuating the arm to give up thread to the loop taker, to pull each loop of needle thread from. the loop taker after having been passed over the locking thread case, and thereafter to set each stitch in the work, and a resilient needle "7 Vthread-engagYing member ,ffor holding the needleY thread `yieldingly while each-needle -loop-,is being pulled -from the 1qop,taker,in combination with means comprising mechanismlconnected `to the; take-up for actuating the thread-engaging member to a nonyielding position, `including a on the take-up vshaft to render the threadengaging member inoperativeto yield after the needle loop v'has been pulled from the loop taker.V

.4.-Alocks titch shoe sewing machine having a ho'ok needle, Va locking thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread case, a take-up arm, a shaft to which the arm is secured for actuating r.the arm to give up thread to the loopl taker, to pull each loop of needle thread from the loop` taker after having been passed over the lockingthread case, and thereafter to set each stitch'in the work, and a resilient needle thread-engaging memberfor holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker; in combination with means including mechanism connected to the take-up for actuating the thread-engaging member, including a cam on the take-up shaft to render the thread-engaging member inoperative to yield after the needle loop has been pulled from'the loop taker, the resilient member comprising a thread engaging roll against which the take-up presses the thread, mounted for yielding movement relatively to the take-up to enable the time in each sewing cycle at which each loop is pulled from the loop taker to be changed while maintaining the thread under tension.

5. A lock stitch shoe sewing machine having a hook needle, a locking thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread case, a take-up arm, a continuously rotating shaft to which the take-up arm Vis secured to cause the take-up to give up thread to the loop taker, to pull each loop of needle thread from the loop taker after having been passed over the locking thread case and thereafter to set each stitch in the work, and a resilient needle thread engaging member for holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker, in combination with means comprising mechanism connected to the takeup for actuating the thread-engaging member including a cam 'on the continuously rotating shaft acting on the thread-engaging member to cause it to retract thread after each needle loop has been pulled from the loop taker.

6. A wax thread shoe sewing machine having stitch forming devices including a hook needle, a rotary loop taker, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker and for setting each stitch in the Work, in combination with thread lock means against which each stitch is set, comprising a pair of corrugated thread engaging shoes, each formed with a ilat thread-engaging face and a series of cylindrical bars embedded in said face and set at an angle to the path of the thread along said face, with segmental portions only of each bar protruding above the thread-engaging face of the shoe and arranged to press the thread against the thread engaging face of the other shoe in the pair.

7. A wax thread shoe sewing machine having stitchforming devices including a hook needle, a rotary loop taker, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker and for setting each stitch in the work, in combination with thread lock means against which each stitch is set, comprising a pair of corrugated thread engaging shoes, each formed with a flat thread-engaging face and a series of cylindrical bars embedded in said face at lan angle to the path of the thread along said face, with segmental portionsonly of each bar protruding above the threadengaging face of the shoe and arranged to press the thread against the thread engaging face of the other shoe .8 l inthepair', said bars being composed of material having a characteristic of compressibilitydiierent from that of the'shoesr' Y L f v8.fA wax thread shoe sewing Vmachine having stitch,- forming' devices including Ya hook needle, `a rotary loop taker, a take-up for giving up thread to the looprtaker and for setting each stitch in the work, in combination with thread lockv means against which each stitch is set, comprising a pair of corrugated thread-engagingwshoes, eachformed with a at thread-engaging face and` a series of cylindrical bars embedded in said face at an angleto the path of the thread along said face, withsegmental por, tions only of leach bar protruding above the thread-,engaging face of the shoe and arranged to press the rthread against the'thread engaging face of the other shoe in the pair, said shoes being composed of steel and said bars being composed of nylon.

9. A wax thread shoe sewing machine having stitchforming devices including a hook needle, a rotary loop taker, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker and for setting each stitch in the work, in combination with thread lock means against which each stitch is set, comprising a pair of corrugated Athread-engaging shoes, each formed with a flat thread-engaging face and a series of cylindrical bars embedded in said face at an angle to the path of the thread along said face, with segmental portions only of each bar protruding above the thread-engaging face of the shoe and arranged to press the thread against the thread engaging face of the other shoe in the pair, said bars being composed off a material harder than that of the shoes.

10. A lock stitch shoe sewing machine having a hook needle, a lockingA thread case, a rotary loop taker for passing loops of needle thread over the thread casea take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker for pulling each loop of needle thread from the loop taker after having been passed over the locking thread case, and thereafter for 'setting each stitch in the work, a resilient needle thread-engaging member for holding the needle thread yieldingly while each needle loop is being pulled from the loop taker, and a frictional ythread tensioning device acting with yielding pressure on the needle thread between the take-up and the work to increase tension on the needle thread while each loop is being passed about the needle thread case and to reduce tension on the needle thread While being pulled from the thread case, in combination with means including mechanism connected to the take-up for actuating the resilient needle threadengaging member to render it inoperative whiler each loop is being passed about the thread case.

11. A wax thread shoe sewing machine having stitchforming devices including a hook needle, a rotary loop taker, a take-up for giving up thread to the loop taker and for setting each #stitch in the work, in combination with a thread lock means against which each stitch is set, comprisinga pair of corrugated thread-engaging shoes, each formed with a at thread-engaging face, and a series of cylindrical bars embedded in said face at an angle to the path of the thread along said face, the series of cylindrical bars in opposite shoes being unequal in number with segmental portions only of each bar protruding above the thread-engaging face of the shoe and arranged to press the thread against the thread-engaging face of the opposite shoe.

References Cited in the lile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS t 387,984 Mathewson a Aug. 14,1888 978,832 Blair Dec. 20, 1910 1,118,522 Ballard Nov. 24, 1914 1,183,394 Merrick May 16, 1916 

